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Epidemiology Research
The Cancer Institute's Epidemiology Research Program
studies the incidence, distribution, and control
of cancer in Northeastern Pennsylvania. Study results are being used for
research strategies and education
programs designed to prevent or reduce death and disability from cancer in this
community.
To view the Standardized Incidence Ratio maps please click on the links
below.
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All Cancers |
Brain and Other Nervous System |
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All Cancer Sites SIR for 9 counties 95-99 |
Brain and Other Nervous Cancer SIR for 9 counties 95-99 |
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All Cancer Sites SIR for 9 counties, Men 95-99 |
Brain and Other Nervous Cancer SIR for 9 counties, Women 95-99 |
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All Cancer Sites SIR for 9 counties, Women 95-99 |
Brain and Other Nervous Cancer SIR for 9 counties, Men 95-99 |
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Breast
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Bronchus and Lung |
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Breast Cancer SIR for 9 counties 95-99 |
Bronchus and Lung Cancer SIR for 9 counties 95-99 |
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Breast Cancer SIR for 9 counties, Men 95-99 |
Bronchus and Lung Cancer SIR for 9 counties, Men 95-99 |
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Breast Cancer SIR for 9 counties, Women 95-99 |
Bronchus and Lung Cancer SIR for 9 counties, Women 95-99 |
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Cervix Uteri |
Colon and Rectum |
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Cervix Uteri Cancer SIR for 9 counties 95-99 |
Colon and Rectum Cancer SIR for 9 counties 95-99 |
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Colon and Rectum Cancer SIR for 9 counties, Men 95-99 |
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Colon and Rectum Cancer SIR for 9 counties, Women 95-99 |
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Corpus Uteri |
Esophagus |
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Corpus Uteri Cancer SIR for 9 counties, Women 95-99 |
Esophagus Cancer SIR for 9 counties 95-99 |
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Esophagus Cancer SIR for 9 counties, Men 95-99 |
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Esophagus Cancer SIR for 9 counties, Women 95-99 |
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Kidney Renal Pelvis
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Larynx |
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Kidney Renal Pelvis Cancer SIR for 9 counties 95-99 |
Larynx SIR for 9 counties 95-99 |
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Kidney Renal Pelvis Cancer SIR for 9 counties, Men 95-99 |
Larynx SIR for 9 counties, Men 95-99 |
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Kidney Renal Pelvis Cancer SIR for 9 counties, Women 95-99 |
Larynx SIR for 9 counties, Women 95-99 |
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Lymphatic and Hematopoietic Tissues |
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Hodgkin's Disease SIR for 9 counties 95-99 |
Leukemias SIR for 9 counties 95-99 |
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Hodgkin's Disease SIR for 9 counties, Men 95-99 |
Leukemias SIR for 9 counties, Men 95-99 |
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Hodgkin's Disease SIR for 9 counties, Women 95-99 |
Leukemias SIR for 9 counties, Women 95-99 |
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Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma SIR for 9 counties 95-99 |
Multiple Myeloma SIR for 9 counties 95-99 |
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Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma SIR for 9 counties, Men 95-99 |
Multiple Myeloma SIR for 9 counties, Men 95-99 |
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Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma SIR for 9 counties, Women 95-99 |
Multiple Myeloma SIR for 9 counties, Women 95-99 |
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Oral Cavity and Pharynx |
Ovary |
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Oral Cavity and Pharynx Cancer SIR for 9 counties 95-99 |
Ovarian Cancer SIR for 9 counties, Women 95-99 |
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Oral Cavity and Pharynx Cancer SIR for 9 counties, Men 95-99 |
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Oral Cavity and Pharynx Cancer SIR for 9 counties, Women 95-99 |
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Pancreas |
Prostate |
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Pancreas Cancer SIR for 9 counties 95-99 |
Prostate Cancer SIR for 9 counties 95-99 |
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Pancreas Cancer SIR for 9 counties, Men 95-99 |
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Pancreas Cancer SIR for 9 counties, Women 95-99 |
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Skin |
Stomach
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Melanoma of Skin SIR for 9 counties 95-99 |
Stomach Cancer SIR for 9 counties 95-99 |
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Melanoma of Skin SIR for 9 counties, Men 95-99 |
Stomach Cancer SIR for 9 counties, Men 95-99 |
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Melanoma of Skin SIR for 9 counties, Women 95-99 |
Stomach Cancer SIR for 9 counties, Women 95-99 |
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Testis
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Thyroid
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Testis Cancer SIR for 9 counties 95-99 |
Thyroid Cancer SIR for 9 counties 95-99 |
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Thyroid Cancer SIR for 9 counties, Men 95-99 |
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Thyroid Cancer SIR for 9 counties, Women 95-99 |
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Urinary Bladder
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Urinary Bladder Cancer SIR for 9 counties, Men 95-99 |
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Urinary Bladder Cancer SIR for 9 counties 95-99 |
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Urinary Bladder Cancer SIR for 9 counties, Women 95-99 |
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Technical Notes
Standardized Incidence Ratios
The maps on these pages display Standardized
Incidence Ratios (SIRs) of selected cancers. An SIR is the ratio of the
number of observed:expected cancer cases and is expressed as a percent.
SIRs are calculated by dividing the number of cancer cases observed (actual)
in a county over five years by the number of cases that are expected to
occur in that county, and then multiplying the dividend by 100. SIR =
(Observed/Expected) X 100. For example, an SIR of 150 means that there were
50% more cancer cases in a county than expected. An SIR of 60 means that
the number of cancer cases detected was only 60% of the number expected.
The observed
cases are the total number of primary cancer cases reported to the
Pennsylvania Cancer Registry.* Please note, this is not necessarily the
same as the number of people who were diagnosed with cancer; some
individuals may have more than one primary malignancy diagnosed in this time
period. The expected cases are the total number of primary cancers that are
expected to occur in the county if the residents of the county had
experienced the same age-specific cancer incidence rates as the National
Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program.
On the maps shown
here, counties with an SIR of 100 or greater are shown in shades of red;
counties with SIRs less than 100 are shown in blue. Counties with
insufficient data, i.e., fewer than five observed cases, are colored gray.
Statistical significance is indicated by the shade of the color. Counties
shown in dark red had an SIR that was statistically significantly higher
than expected (p < 0.05). Counties shown in pink had SIRs that were
elevated but which were not significantly higher than expected. Counties
shown in dark blue had SIRs that were significantly lower than expected; and
counties in light blue had SIRs that were low but which were not
significantly lower than expected.
Statistical Significance
Statistical significance is an indication
that the results were not likely to have been due to chance. Counties with
statistically significant elevated SIRs (shown in dark red) are counties
where the cancer incidence was higher than expected and this difference was
not likely to have been due to chance alone. Similarly, counties with
significantly reduced SIRs (shown in dark blue) are counties where cancer
incidence was lower than expected and this difference was also not due to
chance alone. Counties shown in pink or light blue had SIRs that were
either higher or lower than expected but these differences could have been
simply due to chance. An SIR that is not statistically significant should
not be interpreted as evidence that cancer risk is unusually high (or low)
in that county.
Data Source
*
These data were provided by the Bureau of Health Statistics and Research,
Pennsylvania Department of Health. The Department specifically disclaims
responsibility for any analyses, interpretations or conclusions.
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